Understanding QTP/UFT
Before diving into the interview questions, it's important to establish a foundation of knowledge regarding QTP/UFT.
What is QTP/UFT?
QTP, or QuickTest Professional, is a functional automation testing tool developed by Micro Focus. It allows testers to automate the testing of applications and functional components to ensure they work as intended. UFT is the latest version of QTP, integrating various functionalities to enhance testing efficiency.
Key Features of QTP/UFT
- Keyword-driven testing: Supports test creation using keywords that represent actions.
- Object Repository: Stores objects and their properties for reuse across tests.
- Support for multiple environments: Works with web, desktop, and mobile applications.
- Integration capabilities: Easily integrates with Continuous Integration (CI) tools and other testing frameworks.
Common QTP Automation Testing Interview Questions
The following sections outline some of the most common interview questions you may encounter during a QTP automation testing interview.
Basic Questions
1. What is the difference between QTP and Selenium?
- QTP is primarily used for functional and regression testing of desktop and web applications, whereas Selenium is an open-source tool specifically designed for web applications.
2. What are the different types of object repositories in QTP?
- There are two types of object repositories:
- Local Object Repository: Specific to a single test.
- Shared Object Repository: Can be used across multiple tests.
3. How do you handle dynamic objects in QTP?
- Dynamic objects can be handled using regular expressions or descriptive programming to identify properties that change during runtime.
Intermediate Questions
4. Explain the concept of Descriptive Programming in QTP.
- Descriptive programming allows testers to create scripts without relying on the object repository. Testers can define properties of the objects directly in the code.
5. What are the different types of checkpoints in QTP?
- Types of checkpoints include:
- Standard Checkpoint: Validates the property of an object.
- Text Checkpoint: Validates the text displayed on a web page.
- Bitmap Checkpoint: Compares the current state of an object with a stored bitmap.
- Database Checkpoint: Validates data in a database.
6. How do you implement synchronization in QTP?
- Synchronization can be implemented using:
- Wait statements: Functions like `Wait` or `WaitProperty`.
- Synchronization points: To pause execution until a certain condition is met.
Advanced Questions
7. What is a QTP/UFT framework, and what are its types?
- A framework in QTP/UFT is a set of guidelines or rules for writing and designing test scripts. Common framework types include:
- Keyword-driven framework: Uses a set of keywords to represent actions.
- Data-driven framework: Separates test scripts from data files to allow multiple data inputs.
- Hybrid framework: Combines elements of both keyword-driven and data-driven frameworks.
8. Can you explain the concept of parameterization in QTP?
- Parameterization allows testers to run the same test with different sets of data. This is essential for testing multiple scenarios efficiently. It can be performed using data tables, external data sources, or by using input parameters in functions.
9. How do you handle exceptions in QTP?
- Exceptions in QTP can be handled using:
- On Error Resume Next: To continue executing the next line of code after an error.
- Error Handling Functions: Such as `Err` object to capture error details.
Scenario-Based Questions
10. Describe a challenging testing scenario you encountered and how you handled it using QTP.
- Candidates should share specific examples detailing the problem, the approach taken to resolve it, the tools used, and the outcome.
11. How would you automate a web application that has multiple frames?
- The approach involves switching between frames using the `Frame` method to access objects within each frame, ensuring that the correct frame is active before attempting interactions.
Best Practices in QTP Automation Testing
Understanding best practices can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of your automation testing efforts.
Key Best Practices
- Maintainability: Write clean and readable code to facilitate future modifications.
- Reusable Components: Create reusable functions and libraries to minimize redundancy.
- Regular Updates: Keep the object repository updated as the application evolves.
- Version Control: Use version control systems to manage changes in test scripts and repositories.
- Comprehensive Documentation: Document test cases, scripts, and frameworks for ease of understanding and onboarding new team members.
Conclusion
Preparing for QTP Automation Testing Interview Questions involves understanding the tool's functionalities, frameworks, and best practices. Candidates should be ready to demonstrate their technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and familiarity with automation processes. By effectively answering the questions outlined in this article, candidates can showcase their expertise and significantly improve their chances of success in securing a position in the software testing domain. Continuous learning and hands-on experience with QTP/UFT will further enhance one's capabilities and confidence in the field of automation testing.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is QTP and how does it differ from other automation testing tools?
QTP, now known as UFT (Unified Functional Testing), is an automation testing tool that supports functional and regression testing. It differs from other tools by offering a user-friendly interface, keyword-driven testing capabilities, and a robust scripting language (VBScript) for test automation.
Can you explain the concept of Object Repository in QTP?
The Object Repository in QTP is a storage location for the properties of the objects in the application being tested. It can be either a shared or local repository, allowing testers to manage object properties and reuse them across multiple test scripts, which enhances maintainability.
What are the different types of checkpoints available in QTP?
QTP provides several types of checkpoints, including standard checkpoints (to check values of properties), text checkpoints (to verify text in the application), bitmap checkpoints (to compare images), and database checkpoints (to validate data in databases).
How can you handle exceptions in QTP?
In QTP, exceptions can be handled using the 'On Error Resume Next' statement, which allows the script to continue running even when an error occurs. Additionally, you can use the 'Err' object to capture error details and implement custom error-handling logic.
What is the purpose of the 'Run Time Data Table' in QTP?
The Run Time Data Table in QTP is used to store and manage data during test execution. It allows testers to parameterize tests by providing different sets of input data, facilitating data-driven testing and making it easier to validate application behavior across various scenarios.
